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統一理論和超對稱(英文第3版)

作者:(美)莫哈帕特拉
出版社:世界圖書北京公司
出版日期:2010年04月01日
ISBN:9787510005718
語言:繁體中文

作者依據其為馬里蘭大學高年級研究生授課時所用的講義編著而成,詳細介紹了人們嘗試建立一個能夠描述自然界中各種基本相互作用的大統一理論的最新進展。《統一理論和超對稱(第3版)》包羅甚廣,涉及到粒子物理學中的大統一理論和超對稱理論中的許多議題,例如自發對稱破缺,大統一理論,超對稱性和超引力等。作者在簡要回顧了基本粒子理論之后,詳細介紹了復合誇克,輕子,希格斯玻色子和CP破壞等論題,最后討論超對稱的大統一方案。這是《統一理論和超對稱(第3版)》的第三版,進一步修訂了書中內容,添入該領域的最新進展,特別是近年來實驗方面的諸多進展。對這些新進展的集中介紹很有意義,使得《統一理論和超對稱(第3版)》成為該領域中連接傳統理論與研究前沿的有益橋梁。無論對該領域的研究生還是對研究人員來講,《統一理論和超對稱(第3版)》都是一部很有價值的教科書和參考文獻。

Preface to the Third EditionPreface to the Second EditionPreface to the First 1 Important Basic Concepts in Particle Physics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Symmetries and Currents 1.3 Local Symmetries and Yang-Mills Fields 1.4 Quantum Chromodynamic Theory of Strong Interactions 1.5 Hidden Symmetries of Weak Interactions References2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 2.1 Symmetries and Their Realizations 2.2 Nambu-Goldstone Bosons for an Arbitrary Non-Abelian Group 2.3 Some Properties of Nambu-Goldstone Bosons 2.4 Phenomenology of Massless and Near-Massless Spin-0 Bosons 2.5 The Higgs-Kibble Mechanism in Gauge Theories 2.6 Group Theory of the Higgs Phenomenon 2.7 Renormalizability and Triangle Anomalies References3 The SU(2)L x U(1) Model 3.1 The SU(2)L x U(1) Model of Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam 3.2 Neutral-Current Interactions 3.3 Masses and Decay Properties of W and Z Bosons 3.4 Fermion Masses and Mixing 3.5 Higher-Order-Induced Flavor-Changing Neutral-Current Effects 3.6 The Higgs Bosons 3.7 SU(2)L x U(1) Model with Two Higgs Doublets 3.8 Puzzles of the Standard Model 3.9 Outline of the Various Scenarios 3.10 Beyond the Standard Model References4 CP Violation: Weak and Strong 4.1 CP Violation in Weak Interactions 4.2 CP Violation in Gauge Models: Generalities 4.3 The Kobayashi-Maskawa Model 4.4 Left-Right Symmetric Models of CP Violation 4.5 The Higgs Exchange Models 4.6 Strong CP Violation and the 0-Problem 4.7 Solutions to the Strong CP Problem without the Axion 4.8 Summary References5 Grand Unification and the SU(5) Model 5.1 The Hypothesis of Grand Unification 5.2 SU(N) Grand Unification 5.3 Sin2 Ow in Grand Unified Theories (GUT) 5.4 SU(5) 5.5 Grand Unification Mass Scale and Sin2θw at Low Energies 5.6 Detailed Predictions of the SU(5) Model for Proton Decay 5.7 Some Other Aspects of the SU(5) Model 5.8 Gauge Coupling Unification with Intermediate Scales before Grand Unification References6 Symmetric Models of Weak Interactions and Massive Neutrinos 6.1 Why Left-Right Symmetry? 6.2 The Model, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge Boson Masses 6.3 Limits on MzR and rnwR from Charged-Current Weak Interactions 6.4 Properties of Neutrinos and Lepton-Number-Violating Processes 6.5 Baryon Number Nonconservation and Higher Unification 6.6 Sin2θw and the Scale of Partial Unification 6.7 Left-Right Symmetry——An Alternative Formulation 6.8 Higher Order Effects 6.9 Conclusions References7 SO(10) Grand Unification 7.1 Introduction 7.2 SO(2N) in an SU(N) Basis [3] 7.3 Fermion Masses and the ”Charge Conjugation” Operator 7.4 Symmetry-Breaking Patterns and Intermediate Mass Scales 7.5 Decoupling Parity and SU(2)R Breaking Scales 7.6 Second Z’’ Boson References8 Technicolor and Compositeness 8.1 Why Compositeness? 8.2 Technicolor and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking 8.3 Techni-Composite Pseudo-Goldstone Bosons 8.4 Fermion Masses 8.5 Composite Quarks and Leptons 8.6 Light Quarks and Leptons and ’’t Hooft Anomaly Matching 8.7 Examples of ’’t Hooft Anomaly Matching 8.8 Some Dynamical Constraints on Composite Models 8.9 Other Aspects of Composite Models 8.10 Symmetry Breaking via Top-Quark Condensate References9 Global Supersymmetry 9.1 Supersymmetry 9.2 A Supersymmetric Field Theory 9.3 Two-Component Notation 9.4 Superfields 9.5 Vector and Chiral Superfields References10 Field Theories with Global Supersymmetry 10.1 Supersymmetry Action 10.2 Supersymmetric Gauge Invariant Lagrangian 10.3 Feynman Rules for Supersymmetric Theories [3] 10.4 Allowed Soft-Breaking Terms References11 Broken Supersymmetry and Application to Particle Physics 11.1 Spontaneous Breaking of Supersymmetry 11.2 Supersymmetric Analog of the Goldberger Treiman Relation 11.3 D-Type Breaking of Supersymmetry 11.4 O’’Raifeartaigh Mechanism or F-Type Breaking of Supersymmetry 11.5 A Mass Formula for Supersymmetric Theories and the Need for Soft Breaking References12 Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model 12.1 Introduction, Field Content and the Lagrangian 12.2 Constraints on the Masses of Superparticles 12.3 Other Effects of Superparticles 12.4 Why Go beyond the MSSM? 12.5 Mechanisms for Supersymmetry Breaking 12.6 Renormalization of Soft Supersymmetry-Breaking Parameters 12.7 Supersymmetric Left-Right Model References13 Supersymmetric Grand Unification 13.1 The Supersymmetric SU(5) 13.2 Proton Decay in the Supersymmetry SU(5) Model 13.2.1 Problems and Prospects for SUSY SU(5) 13.3 Supersymmetric SO(10) 13.3.1 Symmetry Breaking and Fermion Masses 13.3.2 Neutrino Masses, R-Parity Breaking, 126 yrs. 16 13.3.3 Doublet-Triplet Splitting (D-T-S): References14 Local Supersymmetry (N = 1) 14.1 Connection Between Local Supersymmetry and Gravity. 14.2 Rarita-Schwinger Formulation of the Massless Spin-3/2 Field 14.3 Elementary General Relativity 14.4 N = 1 Supergravity Lagrangian 14.5 Group Theory of Gravity and Supergravity Theories . . 14.6 Local Conformal Symmetry and Gravity 14.7 Conformal Supergravity and Matter Couplings 14.8 Matter Couplings and the Scalar Potential in Supergravity 14.9 Super-Higgs Effect 14.10 Different Formulations of Supergravity References15 Application of Supergravity (N=1) to Particle Physics 15.1 Effective Lagrangian from Supergravity 15.2 The Polonyi Model of Supersymmetry Breaking 15.3 Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and Supergravity 15.4 Grand Unification and N = 1 Supergravity References16 Beyond N=1 Supergravity 16.1 Beyond Supergravity 16.2 Extended Supersymmetries (N=2) 16.3 Supersymmetries with N>2 16.4 Higher-Dimensional Supergravity Theories 16.5 d =10Super-Yang-Mills Theory References17 Superstrings and Quark-Lepton Physics 17.1 Introduction to Strings 17.2 Light Cone Quantization and Vacuum Energy of the String 17.3 Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond Strings 17.4 GSO Projection and Supersymmetric Spectrum 17.5 Heterotic String 17.6 N = 1 Super-Yang-Mills Theory in Ten Dimensions 17.7 Compactification and the Calabi-Yau Manifold 17.8 Brief Introduction to Complex Manifolds 17.9 Calabi-Yau Manifolds and Polynomial Representations for (2, 1) Forms 17.10 Assignment of Particles, the Ee-GUT Model [18], and Symmetry Breaking 17.11 Supersymmetry Breaking 17.12 Cosmological Implications of the Intermediate Scale 17.13 A Real Superstring Model with Four Generations 17.14 String Theories, Extra Dimensions, and Gauge Coupling Unification 17.14.1 Weakly Coupled Heterotic String, Mass Scales, and Gauge Coupling Unification 17.14.2 Strongly Coupled Strings, Large Extra Dimensions, and Low String Scales 17.14.3 Effect of Extra Dimensions on Gauge Coupling Unification 17.15 Conclusion ReferencesIndex


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