Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds ...ChemistryFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchForotheruses,seeChemistry(disambiguation)."Chemicalscience"redirectshere.FortheRoyalSocietyofChemistryjournal,seeChemicalScience(journal).ScientificdisciplineChemistryHistoryOutlineGlossaryIndexCategoryPortalvteAnoilpaintingofachemist(AnaKansky,paintedbyHenrikaŠantelin1932)Chemistryisthescientificstudyofthepropertiesandbehaviorofmatter.[1]Itisanaturalsciencethatcoverstheelementsthatmakeupmattertothecompoundscomposedofatoms,moleculesandions:theircomposition,structure,properties,behaviorandthechangestheyundergoduringareactionwithothersubstances.[2][3][4][5]Inthescopeofitssubject,chemistryoccupiesanintermediatepositionbetweenphysicsandbiology.[6]Itissometimescalledthecentralsciencebecauseitprovidesafoundationforunderstandingbothbasicandappliedscientificdisciplinesatafundamentallevel.[7]Forexample,chemistryexplainsaspectsofplantchemistry(botany),theformationofigneousrocks(geology),howatmosphericozoneisformedandhowenvironmentalpollutantsaredegraded(ecology),thepropertiesofthesoilonthemoon(cosmochemistry),howmedicationswork(pharmacology),andhowtocollectDNAevidenceatacrimescene(forensics).Chemistryaddressestopicssuchashowatomsandmoleculesinteractviachemicalbondstoformnewchemicalcompounds.Therearetwotypesofchemicalbonds:1.primarychemicalbondse.gcovalentbonds,inwhichatomsshareoneormoreelectron(s);ionicbonds,inwhichanatomdonatesoneormoreelectronstoanotheratomtoproduceions(cationsandanions);metallicbondsand2.secondarychemicalbondse.g.hydrogenbonds;VanderWaalsforcebonds,ion-ioninteraction,ion-dipoleinteractionetc.Contents1Etymology2Modernprinciples2.1Matter2.1.1Atom2.1.2Element2.1.3Compound2.1.4Molecule2.1.5Substanceandmixture2.1.6Moleandamountofsubstance2.2Phase2.3Bonding2.4Energy2.5Reaction2.6Ionsandsalts2.7Acidityandbasicity2.8Redox2.9Equilibri